Abstract
One-flower vetch (Vicia articulata) was widely cultivated in the Mediterranean Basin in the past but is currently underutilized. Valuable germplasm collections are stored in genebanks, which are poorly characterized. In an attempt to explore adaptation of landraces we performed a multi-environment field testing, showing the availability of valuable resources for crop development, with average yield across environments ranging from 651 to 1102 kg/ha. Environmental factors and significant Genotype-by-Environment (G*E) interaction hampers selection of superior genotypes. Heritability-Adjusted Genotype plus Genotype-by-Environment interaction (HA-GGE) biplot performed here allowed to focus on the G and G*E interaction components relevant to cultivar evaluation. Landraces Va-38 and Va-85 were identified as the highest yielding landraces, being also the most stable over the environments. Two additional groups of landraces with relatively high yield were also identified but showing little stability across environments, with landraces Va-91 and Va-103 performing better in Córdoba, whereas Va-1, Va-2 and Va-66, did in Escacena. Córdoba appeared as a useful environment for selection, being representative, discriminant, and reproducible. Differences in precocity among landraces had little effect on yield in any of the studied environments. Temperature was the climatic factor most influential on yield as shown by Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) analysis. High temperatures after flowering being the most limiting factor for yield. Increased radiation during and after flowering were beneficial, with rain having little effect.
Highlights
The genus Vicia is a member of the legume tribe Vicieae along with Lathyrus, Lens, Pisum and Vavilovia
Environment explained for 78% of the total variation (G + E + GE interaction sum of squares) in yield, whereas G and G*E interaction accounted for 8% and 14%, respectively (Table 2)
When fitting the Heritability-Adjusted Genotype plus Genotype-by-Environment interaction (HA-GGE) model, the first two principal components (PC) for yield and days to flowering explained 75% and 94%, respectively, of total G + GE interaction, and (G + GE)/(E + G + GE) yielded a value of 22% and 75% (Figures 1 and 2). This fulfilled the requirements of [18], who established that for a biplot to be useful, the first two PCs should be higher than 60% and (G + GE)/(E + G + GE) ratio should be higher than 10%
Summary
The genus Vicia is a member of the legume tribe Vicieae along with Lathyrus, Lens, Pisum and Vavilovia It comprises approximately 190 species [1] that as a whole are well placed to help meet the increased global demand for animal feed and to provide crops for a diversity of farming systems. V. monanthos) has been widely cultivated for fodder or green manure or for seeds for fattening feed for ruminants. It is known by farmers to be more rustic and productive than lentil a bit inferior in taste It has a Mediterranean distribution and was widely cultivated in the past, but currently it is underutilized and threatened by extinction [2,3]
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