Abstract
Knowledge of the physiological basis for improved genetic adaptation of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) lines to acid soils and high temperature conditions in the Amazon region of Colombia is limited. In this study, we evaluated the differences among 41 common bean lines in energy use, leaf cooling, photosynthate partitioning to pod formation and grain filling, and grain yield over two seasons under acid soil and high temperature stress in the Amazon region of Colombia. Common bean lines evaluated included medium and large seeded interspecific lines of Mesoamerican and Andean gene pools with different levels of adaptation to abiotic stress conditions and some lines are improved for iron and zinc (biofortified) concentration in seeds. We found three bean lines (GGR 147, SMG 21 and SMG 12) that were superior in their photosynthetic response, leaf cooling, photosynthate partitioning ability to pod formation and grain filling, resulting in grain yields exceeding 1900 kg ha−1 under acid soil and high temperature stress conditions. The superior photosynthetic performance was attributed to the efficient use of absorbed energy on the electron level in thylakoids, which is mainly oriented to a higher quantum yield of PSII (ΦII), lower energy dissipation in the form of heat (ΦNPQ), high linear electron flow (LEF) and high fraction of PSI centers in open state (PSIopen). We speculate that these photosynthetic and photosynthate partitioning responses of superior bean lines are part of the genetic adaptation to acidic soils and high temperature stress conditions. Among the evaluated bean lines, three lines (GGR 147, SMG 21 and SMG 12) combined the desirable attributes for genetic improvement of stress tolerance and biofortification. These lines can serve as parents to further improve traits (energy use efficiency and multiple stress resistance) that are important for bean production in the Amazon region.
Highlights
The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the five cultivated species of the genusPhaseolus, and it is ranked as one of the main grain legumes after soybean and peanut [1]
In addition to developing advanced lines capable of adapting to acid soils [9] and high temperatures [11], it is necessary to evaluate new lines for their capacity in increasing efficiency in energy use, leaf cooling and photosynthate partitioning for pod formation and grain filling as well as mineral accumulation in the seed [10,20]
We found that canopy biomass (CB) values ranged from 994.9 to 2455.9 kg ha−1 with an average value of 1602 kg ha−1
Summary
The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the five cultivated species of the genus Phaseolus, and it is ranked as one of the main grain legumes after soybean and peanut [1]. The world’s bean-producing land is affected by edaphic stress factors such as low soil fertility [9] or soil acidity and aluminum (Al) toxicity [10] These areas are affected by climatic stress factors caused by seasonal drought and high temperatures or excess rainfall [10,11,12,13,14], resulting in yield losses reaching 80–100% [5,13,15]. In addition to developing advanced lines capable of adapting to acid soils [9] and high temperatures [11], it is necessary to evaluate new lines for their capacity in increasing efficiency in energy use, leaf cooling and photosynthate partitioning for pod formation and grain filling as well as mineral accumulation in the seed [10,20]
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