Abstract
Domestic effluent reuse is an alternative for irrigated agriculture in situations of reduced water availability. However, as there is the presence of pathogens in wastewater, the disinfection process is necessary before use. This research evaluated the sanitary and agricultural viability of treated wastewater at a pilot-scale station composed of a septic tank, Wetlands and an ultraviolet radiation (UV) disinfection system. The Sewage Treatment Station (STS) is installed in the Agricultural Sciences Center, UFSCar, in Araras city, SP, and receives 2000 L of sewage daily, which was monitored in terms of pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), magnesium (Mg), total organic carbon (TOC), total coliforms (TC), Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR).The removal efficiency of the parameters was calculated based on the input and output means of each treatment unit. Results indicated removal efficiency for K (68.2%), TN (54.1%) and TP (36.1%). The levels of Na (26.7%) and Ca (22.9%) demonstrated the contribution of these salts to the wastewater; however, SAR did not present any risks for soil sodification. Microbiologically, the STS presented removal efficiency of 4 and 5 log-cycles for TC and E. coli, respectively. Therefore, results of monitoring indicate that the treated wastewater presents sanitary and agricultural viability, and conforms with the current legislation.
Highlights
Population growth, climatic instability and increased demand for food culminated in the scarcity of water of adequate quality to irrigate agriculture (Ahmadi and Merkley, 2017)
New techniques are being studied in order to improve/increase the efficiency of removal of organic matter, salts and pathogens from Septic Tanks, employing the use of anaerobic reactors filled with zeolites modified with copper (Anil and Neera, 2016) or with the installation of electrodes of stainless steel (Lin et al, 2017)
The objective of the research was to evaluate the sanitary and agricultural viability of a treated domestic effluent, from a Sewage Treatment Station composed of the septic tank units, Wetlands, and ultraviolet radiation (UV) disinfection
Summary
Population growth, climatic instability and increased demand for food culminated in the scarcity of water of adequate quality to irrigate agriculture (Ahmadi and Merkley, 2017). One of the strategies to ameliorate the water crisis is to invest in the reuse of effluents, which can intensify agricultural production even during off-season periods (Hespanhol, 2008). The practice of reuse with effluents requires treatment steps that are allied with its purpose and application. The most commonly used systems employed for this are septic tanks and Wetlands. New techniques are being studied in order to improve/increase the efficiency of removal of organic matter, salts and pathogens from Septic Tanks, employing the use of anaerobic reactors filled with zeolites modified with copper (Anil and Neera, 2016) or with the installation of electrodes of stainless steel (Lin et al, 2017)
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