Abstract
Geographical position makes Bangladesh globally as one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change. It is observed that climate change has become a burning issue jeopardizing the agricultural production in the country. Considering the issue, adoption of climate smart agriculture (CSA) is indispensable for mitigating climate change by reducing emissions, capturing the atmospheric carbon and storing it in biomass and soil. The study reviewed the literature to evaluate the potentiality of agroforestry practices as climate smart agriculture to mitigate climate change impacts. Agroforestry has traditionally contributed to climate resilience in Bangladesh by integrating trees and/or crops into different land use practices. Agroforestry systems enhance resilience to climate change through increasing tree cover, carbon sequestration, increasing production, reducing threats to associated crops, creating favourable microclimate to support associated crops, reducing harvest pressure on natural forests, conserving biodiversity and cycling nutrients. Globally 23 countries recognize agroforestry as a mitigation priority, whereas 29 as an adaptation priority. Bangladesh has potential to expand agroforestry practices to mitigate climate change and boost food security. From socioeconomic and ecological point of views as well, agroforestry offers strong potential to evolve climate smart agricultural practices supporting food security, and adaptation and mitigation. Agroforestry practices should increase in climate vulnerable agroecosystems of Bangladesh.
 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 11(1): 49-59, June 2021
Highlights
Climate is the precious physical condition of an area for crop production
Climate change is a global challenge to sustainable crop production and global food security (Rahman et al, 2018; Elahi and Khan, 2015)
Agricultural land use has a notable contribution to greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions and is responsible for 25% of total anthropogenic emissions (UNFAO, 2014)
Summary
Climate is the precious physical condition of an area for crop production. Climatic variables are important environmental factors that condition ecological niches of plant species and their patterns of distribution (Trisurat et al, 2009). The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations defines CSA as “agriculture that sustainably increases productivity, enhances resilience (adaptation), reduces/removes GHGs (mitigation) where possible, and enhances achievement of national food security and development goals” (FAO, 2010). Carbon sequestration is one of the most important strategies that could mitigate the consequences of climate change to some extent by incorporating atmospheric CO2 into the longlived natural pools such as soils and green biomass (Lorenz and Lal, 2014; Srinivasarao, 2017) Both carbon sequestration and CSA are interdependent and different practices of CSA that include agroforestry have the ability to build carbon accumulation in plants and soils, and facilitate food security (Raj et al, 2018). This paper reviews the available literature with a view to explore the effects of climate change on agriculture and vice versa, and to describe the opportunities of the adaptation of agroforestry for climate change mitigation in Bangladesh
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