Adaptation and validation of the Sport Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale-2 (SMPS-2) for the Brazilian sport context

José Roberto Andrade Do Nascimento Junior,David Lavallee,João Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci,Lenamar Fiorese Vieira

doi:10.1590/s1980-65742015000200003

José Roberto Andrade Do Nascimento Junior, David Lavallee + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1980-65742015000200003

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Abstract

The purpose of this paper was to adapt and validate the Sport-Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale-2 (SMPS-2) for the Brazilian population using a three-step approach. For content validity, four participants translated the SMPS-2 to Portuguese and six experts adapted the content. Construct validity sample was tested with 395 athletes from a set of individual and team sports. Temporal validity was evaluated with an independent sample of 80 athletes with two data collections. Data analysis was conducted through Content Validity Coefficient (CVC), Cronbach's alpha, Composite Reliability (CR) and Exploratory (EFA) and Confirmatory (CFA) analyses. Results showed that the Portuguese version contained clear and relevant questions (CVC > .80) and good internal consistency (α > .70/CR > .70); EFA model revealed a four factor solution with 24 items as more satisfying while CFA confirmed the SMPS-2 model with 24 items was adequate. Multi-group analysis showed partial gender invariance. Temporal stability was achieved in all 24 items of the scale (ICC > .75). We concluded that the SMPS-2 is a valid measure for the assessment of perfectionism of the Brazilian sport context.

Highlights

Perfectionism is a personality trait that has become increasingly important within sport and exercise studies as a characteristic associated with adaptive and maladaptive outcomes (Dunn, Causgrove Dunn & Syrotuk, 2002; Flett & Hewitt, 2005; Gotwals, Stoeber, Dunn & Stoll, 2012; Stoeber & Otto, 2006)
Sport-Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale-2 (SMPS-2) item classification agreement among judges (Kappa coefficient) for Personal Standards, Concern over Mistakes, Perceived Parental Pressure, Perceived Coach Pressure, Doubts about Action and Organization dimensions was .87, indicating that the evaluators found that SMPS-2 items corresponded to the underlying dimensions
Most psychometric properties reports have been conducted with college athletes (Gotwals & Dunn, 2009; Gotwals et al, 2010)

Summary

Introduction

Perfectionism is a personality trait that has become increasingly important within sport and exercise studies as a characteristic associated with adaptive and maladaptive outcomes (Dunn, Causgrove Dunn & Syrotuk, 2002; Flett & Hewitt, 2005; Gotwals, Stoeber, Dunn & Stoll, 2012; Stoeber & Otto, 2006). It is a multidimensional construct and defined as an individual’s desire to reach a flawless performance, generally seeking high achievements standards established by oneself or his/her peers (Flett & Hewitt, 2002). Further research is needed to provide more evidence of internal structure validity for one of the most used perfectionism scales in sport settings (Sport Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale-2/ SMPS-2) (Gotwals, Dunn, Causgrove Dunn & Gamache, 2010)

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