Abstract
This study aims to conduct validity and reliability studies of the Adaptation After COVID-19 Scale (AACS) to measure adults’ perceptions of adapting to life after COVID-19. The research study group consists of 2,042 adults who were accessed in July 2020 using convenience sampling. Half of this group was used in the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and the other half in the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). As a result of the two-step EFA analysis conducted in the validity studies, the scale was revealed to have 18 items with two factors explaining 50.37% of the total variance whose eigen values are greater than 1.00. However, because the difference between the first factor and the second factor is very large (42.68%), the scale has been evaluated as having one factor. In the second study group for the CFA after the modification procedures, the model showed good fit ( = 3.62; p <.001), and the other fit-indices of the model (RMSEA = .06; RMR = .05; NFI = .96; CFI = .97; GFI = .96; AGFI = .92) were found to be within acceptable ranges. In the reliability analyses, Cronbach’s alpha of internal consistency has been determined as α = .94, the Guttman variable as G = .97; Spearman-Brown predicted reliability as SB = .97; split-half reliability as r1-2 = .94; and test-retest reliability as r = .87. As a result, the study reveals the AACS to be acceptable as a valid and reliable scale.
Highlights
The world has been going through a pandemic that has had psychological, sociological and economic consequences for people
It is likely that the effects of these problems have turned into corona anxiety and will continue to exist after the days of Covid-19 necessitating precautions to be taken by mental health workers
First Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were performed in order to test the construct validity of the data collection tool
Summary
The world has been going through a pandemic that has had psychological, sociological and economic consequences for people. According to the Behavioral Immune System theory, in this kind of situations people tend to develop negative emotions and negative cognitive appraisals that are aimed at self-protection such as avoidance, refraining from forming social relations, avoiding people that display symptoms of disease, anxiety, strictly conforming to social norms (conformity) While these types of behaviors may help individuals protect themselves from the disease, long-term negative moods lower individuals’ immune functions and damage their normal psychological mechanisms (Li et al, 2020; Terrizzi et al, 2013). Studies on epidemic diseases show that people may experience cognitive distortions such as thinking they will get sick or even die, despair, blaming those who get sick, and psychiatric symptoms such as anxiety, depression, somatic disorders, panic attacks, PTSD, or even suicidal tendencies (Ho et al, 2020) It is certainly expected for a pandemic of an unprecedented scale that affects the whole world and can be fatal in some cases to have negative effects on human psychology. It is evident that the effective management of situations that affect the psychology of large masses is only possible through effective social policy making by countries (Li et al, 2020)
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