Abstract
This paper aimed to review the results of studies on neuromuscular adaptations to strength training (ST) and concurrent training (CT) in elderly men. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and SciELO. The search was limited to studies published from 1980 to 2012. A total of 3,390 articles were retrieved. After reading their titles, 127 studies were further evaluated by reading their abstracts. This resulted in 92 papers that were read in full; 25 of these were selected and their results were described in the present review. Several studies showed that, in elderly subjects, ST can produce increases in muscle strength, power, activation and mass. ST-induced strength gain may be explained by neural and morphological adaptations. The main neural adaptations to ST included increased recruitment of motor units and increased motor unit firing rate. Morphological adaptations included increases in the physiological cross-sectional area (CSA) of the muscle, in muscle thickness, in muscle fiber pennation angle, and changes in muscle myosin heavy-chain isoforms, resulting in the conversion of muscle fiber from subtype IIx to IIa. The inclusion of moderate-to-high inten- sity (60-85% of maximum strength) ST in the routine of this population is recommended to improve neuromuscular function. CT can promote significant neuromuscular adaptations, but these gains may be of a lower magnitude than those obtained with ST. Although CT has an interference effect on neuromuscular adaptations, it also promotes improvement in cardiovascular function and is therefore the most frequently recommended intervention for health promotion in the elderly.
Highlights
This paper aimed to review the results of studies on neuromuscular adaptations to strength training (ST) and concurrent training (CT) in elderly men
Indivíduos idosos submetidos ao treinamento de força (TF) apresentam aumento significativo na força muscular[1,2,3,4], potência muscular[5,6], ativação muscular[7,8,9,10,11] e massa muscular[12,13]
Que consiste na execução do treinamento de força simultaneamente ao treinamento aeróbio[17,18,19,20], pode resultar em adaptações neuromusculares de magnitude inferior à obtida pelo treino de força isolado
Summary
Indivíduos idosos submetidos ao treinamento de força (TF) apresentam aumento significativo na força muscular[1,2,3,4], potência muscular[5,6], ativação muscular[7,8,9,10,11] e massa muscular[12,13]. Que consiste na execução do treinamento de força simultaneamente ao treinamento aeróbio[17,18,19,20], pode resultar em adaptações neuromusculares de magnitude inferior à obtida pelo treino de força isolado. Isso tem sido demonstrado por estudos que encontraram menor aumento na força muscular quando o treino aeróbio foi executado simultaneamente ao treino de força[15,17]. Um reduzido número de estudos comparou as adaptações neuromusculares decorrentes dos treinamentos de força e concorrente em idosos e os seus resultados são controversos e inconcluivos[15,19,20], com alguns estudos observando adaptações semelhantes entre os tipos de treinamento[19,20], enquanto outros observaram maior magnitude de adaptação ao treino de força[15,18] em idosos. O objetivo desse estudo foi revisar os resultados dos estudos que investigaram as adaptações neuromusculares aos treinamentos de força e concorrente em homens idosos
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