Abstract
The studies have determined frost resistance and winter hardiness levels of current varieties of winter cereals, revealed their association with geographical origin of the varieties. The relations between winter cereals were defined by the value of variety winter hardiness, and the levels of their kinship were established on this basis.The necessity of screening of frost resistance of winter varieties under controlled conditions, which allows restricting the introduction of varieties with insufficient frost resistance in agricultural production, prevents considerable financial loss of enterprises due to winter-killing of crops, and increases the production efficiency of winter cereals, was proved.It is recommended to involve winter rye varieties and hybrids in the production and expand the area under this culture, which will provide secured overwintering of winter crops even in weather unfavorable years and will help stabilize the grain balance and food security of the country.
Highlights
The studies have determined frost resistance and winter hardiness levels of current varieties of winter cereals, revealed their association with geographical origin of the varieties
The study expectedly found the largest number of samples with the winter hardiness of 7 points (35 % of the total sample), 6 points (28 %), and 5 points (17 %), since it is known in breeding practice that very high levels of hardiness are determined by genes which are not associated with a high yield potential or high grain quality
Screening of soft winter wheat varieties indicates that they represented a wide range of frost resistance and winter hardiness; of these varieties the most adapted to overwintering in Ukraine in general, as well as to the conditions of its North- Eastern part were identified
Summary
The studies have determined frost resistance and winter hardiness levels of current varieties of winter cereals, revealed their association with geographical origin of the varieties. Insufficient adaptability of varieties may lead to a significant decrease in the yield capacity in some years, and sometimes to a complete loss of crops, that is why varieties of winter crops can be recommended for cultivation in production only if they are sufficiently resistant to unfavorable winter conditions [1]. In years with favorable winter conditions there are no large differences in the survival of varieties; in severe winters it is difficult to differentiate varieties, since most of them are killed. In this context, the evaluation of variety frost resistance under controlled conditions is of vital importance upon defining winter hardiness [3, 4]
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