ADAPTABILITY OF THORNY PLUM VARIETIES IN THE MIDDLE URALS

Abstract

The purpose of attracting thorny plums (Prunus domestica subsp. insititia (Jusl.) Schneid) into the study is to obtain promising forms as a resource for creating adaptive varieties of the genus Prunus for the Middle Urals. In total, the genetic collection included the study of 42 varieties of thorny plums bred by the Sverdlovsk Horticultural Breeding Station, other scientific institutions, and folk breeding. The article contains data on the thorny plum varieties: Tagil, Iset (breeding of the Sverdlovsk Station), Ermak, Sergo(folk breeding) for the study period 2011-2020. The biological and economic assessment of new thorny plum varieties of is given. According to phenological observations, the varieties were characterized by a late flowering period (III decade of May) (which makes it possible to avoid recurrent frosts more often) and by a late ripening of fruits (III decade of September). As a result of a long-term assessment in cold winters (2010/11, 2011/12, 2013/14), it was found that the degree of freezing did not exceed two points, which characterized the varieties as winter-hardy. The yield for 10 years of fruiting averaged 95.7-139.2 c/ha. The maximum yield was obtained for the Tagil (388.3 c/ha in 2013) and Ermak (319.7 c/ha in 2011) varieties. Varieties Ermak, Sergo are classified as selffertile, varieties Tagil, Iset — as partially self-fertile. Fruit weight was 9-11 g. Fresh fruit tasting: Tagil, Ermak — 4.2 points, Iset, Sergo — 4.4 points. Evaluation of natural juice of varieties of thorny plums — 4.5 points, jam — 5 points. The varieties Tagil, Ermak, Iset, Sergo had high rates of chemical composition, including dry soluble substances — 18.90-21.34 %, anthocyanins — 211.80 — 335.03 mg/100 g, which determines their high value. The studies carried out indicate the prospects of introducing the thorny plum into the culture in the Middle Urals. Varieties Tagil, Ermak, Iset, Sergo can be recommended for production, amateur gardening, as well as sources of adaptive and economic traits for further breeding use.