Adaptability of different varieties of common beans to the conditions of the Astrakhan region

Abstract

At present production of high-yielding varieties of common beans in Russia with a high adaptive potential will stabilize and even increase the production of leguminous products in various geographical areas with varying degrees of moisture and heat supply. At the same time, an important condition for common bean varieties is that they must have a high degree of ecological plasticity and individual characteristics to changes in environmental factors.The field experiment was carried out on the basis of the FSBSI «PAFSC RAS» in the period from 2015 to 2017. The soil of the experimental plot is represented by a light chestnut solonetsous soil type.Evaluation of the reaction of 10 varieties of common beans of the studied leguminous crop from the collection of VIR named after V.I. N.I. Vavilov to a sharp climatic changes, e. g. sharp summer temperatures and dry winds during cultivation, will allow us to resolve issues with the selection of varieties for each peasant farm or a private household plot.The purpose of the research was to analyze the adaptability of common bean varieties, as well as to evaluate the protein content in the grain.To analyze the productivity and adaptability of common bean varieties in terms of varying their yield, the concept of “average varietal yield” was used, adopted by L. A. Zhivotkov, the author of the methodology.In the course of the analysis it was found that the maximum indicators when calculating the coefficient of adaptability were obtained in such varieties as Ballada – 1,06, Stanichnaya – 1,09, Oka – 1,15, Nerussa – 1,50, Gornal – 1,68. At the same time, the yield of these varieties in different years of research exceeded 3,0…4,0 t/ha. These varieties exceeded indicator 1 (adaptability coefficient), which indicates a high adaptive ability.The results of scientific research on the selection of high-yielding varieties with high adaptive capacity indicate the prospects for the cultivation of leguminous crops in the Astrakhan region.