Abstract
The study aimed to analyze the agronomic performance of 11 safflower genotypes using adaptability and stability methods, while identifying safflower genotypes with stable behavior and a high grain yield in different environments of the Brazilian Cerrado. Ten lines and a cultivar of safflower were evaluated in four environments in the Brazilian conditions. Our results revealed the genotypes P30, P35, P9, P11, and P31 to be superior for grain yield and P43, P7, P11, and P31 to be superior for oil content. The lowest Wricke index, an indication of genotype stability, was observed for P9 (0.41%), which is considered the most stable genotype, followed by P35 (1.29%) and P31 (1.98%). For the predictability of the behavior of genotypes in the environments, P7 (80.85%), P35 (86.10%), P31 (85.90%), and P9 (97.42%) were considered predictable genotypes. The genotypes P11 (1045.6 kg ha−1 and 19.7%) and P21 (952.7 kg ha−1 and 20.6%) are recommended for cultivation in this region, considering both their grain yield and oil content. Safflower is viable to use out of season in the Brazilian Cerrado. The crop can generate profits for farmers and be used for oil production in periods of uncertain corn production.
Highlights
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a diploid and autogamous species [1], ranking eighth in the world among the most essential oilseeds [2]
Brazil does not have a significant safflower production; the species has shown great suitability for the country [4,5] mainly due to its drought tolerance traits [6], which allow its cultivation in regions that experience dry spells, such as in the Brazilian Cerrado, or that do not have an ideal rainfall for other crops, as in the northeast
The significance of the G × E interaction can affect the selection of safflower genotypes, making it difficult to recommend new cultivars
Summary
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a diploid and autogamous species [1], ranking eighth in the world among the most essential oilseeds [2]. Safflower oil has a wide range of uses, which can positively influence its yield, such as the production of pharmaceutical and culinary compounds [3] and biodiesel [4]. It is mainly used as an oilseed, it can be used for other purposes due to its yellow-colored pigments. Several researchers in different regions and climates around the world developed studies on the inheritance of some agronomic traits and the combined ability of safflower genotypes [8,9]
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