ADAMTS Sol narae cleaves extracellular Wingless to generate a novel active form that regulates cell proliferation in Drosophila

Jong-Hoon Won,Ja-Young Kim,Dong-Gyu Cho,Kyung-Ok Cho,Go-Woon Kim,Buki Kwon,Young-Kyung Bae

doi:10.1038/s41419-019-1794-8

Abstract

sWnt/ Wingless (Wg) is essential for embryonic development and adult homeostasis in all metazoans, but the mechanisms by which secreted Wnt/Wg is processed remain largely unknown. A Drosophila Sol narae (Sona) is a member of ADisintegrin And Metalloprotease with ThromboSpondin motif (ADAMTS) family, and positively regulates Wg signaling by promoting Wg secretion. Here we report that Sona and Wg are secreted by both conventional Golgi and exosomal transports, and Sona cleaves extracellular Wg at the two specific sites, leading to the generation of N-terminal domain (NTD) and C-terminal domain (CTD) fragments. The cleaved forms of extracellular Wg were detected in the extracellular region of fly wing discs, and its level was substantially reduced in sona mutants. Transient overexpression of Wg-CTD increased wing size while prolonged overexpression caused lethality and developmental defects. In contrast, Wg-NTD did not induce any phenotype. Moreover, the wing defects and lethality induced by sona RNAi were considerably rescued by Wg-CTD, indicating that a main function of extracellular Sona is the generation of Wg-CTD. Wg-CTD stabilized cytoplasmic Armadillo (Arm) and had genetic interactions with components of canonical Wg signaling. Wg-CTD also induced Wg downstream targets such as Distal-less (Dll) and Vestigial (Vg). Most importantly, Cyclin D (Cyc D) was induced by Wg-CTD but not by full-length Wg. Because Sona also induces Cyc D in a cell non-autonomous manner, Wg-CTD generated by Sona in the extracellular region activates a subset of Wg signaling whose major function is the regulation of cell proliferation.

Highlights

Cellular communication via components in the extracellular matrix (ECM) is essential for cell survival and proliferation as well as differentiation
Sol narae (Sona) and Wg are secreted by both conventional Golgi and exosomal transports Sona is an A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease with ThromboSpondin motif (ADAMTS) protease secreted as an active form to the extracellular region[10], and has biochemical and genetic interactions with Wg that is secreted by both conventional Golgi and exosomal transports[18,19,20]
Particulate structures with 70–250 nm diameter were detected in the P100 fraction of S2 sonaHA or S2 GFP-wg by Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and Sona and Wg were present in the fraction with 1.09–1.11 g / mL density in sucrose step gradient[33] (Fig. 1d and Supplemental Fig. S1A-B)

Summary

Introduction

Cellular communication via components in the extracellular matrix (ECM) is essential for cell survival and proliferation as well as differentiation. Extracellular proteases play important roles in regulating activity, localization and stability of the ECM proteins[1,2,3]. Despite the importance of these proteases, their specific functions are. Six and nineteen members have so far been identified in flies and mammals, respectively[6,7]. ADAMTSs are involved in cell proliferation, angiogenesis and organogenesis, so their malfunctions result in various diseases such as cancer, arthritis, and arteriosclerosis[7,8,9]. An ADAMTS Sol narae (Sona) is essential for fly development[10]. Loss of sona decreases the level of extracellular

Methods

Results

Conclusion