Abstract
Non-infectious uveitis (NIU) is a serious sight-threatening condition whose pathogenesis is often autoimmune in nature. It may manifest in any age group, though adults aged 20-50 are the group most often affected. It causes 5-10% of visual impairment worldwide. The epidemiology of some specific uveitis diseases varies worldwide, because they are influenced by genetic, environmental and socioeconomic factors. It can occur only in the eye or as a symptom of a systemic condition. The most common cause of NIU is HLA-B-27-associated anterior uveitis (4-32%). The standard treatment for NIU is a local, topical and systemic steroid therapy in combination with immunomodulatory therapy. However, recently, a new drug - adalimumab, which is a tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) inhibitor - was approved by FDA in the treatment of NIU and is increasingly used to treat various conditions. Adalimumab has been proven in many studies to be safe and effective in the treatment of NIU associated with diverse systemic diseases.
Highlights
Uveitis is a common cause of blindness worldwide,[1] which in turn may be caused by infectious or non-infectious factors.[2]
Adalimumab has been proven in many studies to be safe and effective in the treatment of Non-infectious uveitis (NIU) associated with diverse systemic diseases
Adalimumab is a recombinant human immunoglobulin monoclonal antibody that binds to tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α).[1,6,8]
Summary
Uveitis is a common cause of blindness worldwide,[1] which in turn may be caused by infectious or non-infectious factors.[2]. Non-infectious uveitis (NIU) is often associated with an underlying systemic, vision-threatening disease. It is characterized by inflammation in the uveal tract and generally occurs more often in the developed world. The most common causes of NIU are HLA-B27associated anterior uveitis, sarcoidosis, Vogt–Koyanagi– Harada syndrome, sympathetic ophthalmia, birdshot chorioretinopathy (BSCR), multifocal choroiditis, serpiginous choroiditis, and Behçet’s disease (BD).[2]. There are other TNF-α inhibitors, such as etanercept and infliximab, adalimumab has been proven to have an advantage in therapeutic treatment, probably because of its higher affinity to bind with TNF-α than etanercept or infliximab.[9] A new promising drug approved for the treatment of NIU in adults is adalimumab.[5,7] Adalimumab is a recombinant human immunoglobulin monoclonal antibody that binds to tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α).[1,6,8] there are other TNF-α inhibitors, such as etanercept and infliximab, adalimumab has been proven to have an advantage in therapeutic treatment, probably because of its higher affinity to bind with TNF-α than etanercept or infliximab.[9]
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