Adalaj Stepwell: A Magical Resonance of Architectural Ingenuity

Abstract

The term Stepwell defined as "Well with Stairs" is a window to the ethnicity of forgotten civilizations. Stepwells are structures up to 3 to 5 storeys down from ground level, many of which are artistically designed with exquisite workmanship. These stepwells collect water during seasonal monsoons and in the deeper part of the ground with shadows around, such water bodies undergo slow evaporation process. In India, stepwells have been around since the age of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, about 4,500 years ago. During this period, bath wells with steps were created, with rooms surrounding the well-pit for resting. Such stepwells were once integral to the semi-arid regions of India, as they provided water for basic amenities for subsistence. These wells were also venues for colourful festivals and sacred rituals, paving the way for a rich cultural legacy. One such unique stepwell is located in Adalaj village in Gujarat, India, initiated by Raja Veer Singh in 1499 and completed by King Mohammed Begada for Rani Rudabai, wife of the Raja. The cultural and architectural representations in the stepwell at various levels are a tribute to the history, built initially by Hindus and subsequently ornamented and blended with Islamic architecture during the Muslim rule. But present-day perception, nurtured by technological advancements, has shifted. The paper focuses on the effects of the changing urbanscape on the architectural and visual connectivity with the cultural heritage of Adalaj so that adequate conservation measures can be proposed to preserve this icon of Indian architecture. Understanding the cultural relevance of such structures is crucial for their continued appreciation and protection.