Abstract
Main conclusionThe transfer of polyunsaturated fatty acids from phosphatidylcholine to other lipids involves several enzymes. In Camelina sativa seeds, acyl-CoA:lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferases could be one of the most important players in this process.The transfer of polyunsaturated fatty acids from the location of their synthesis (phosphatidylcholine) to other lipids, e.g., triacylglycerol, remains insufficiently understood. Several enzymes could be involved in this process. One of these enzymes is acyl-CoA:lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferases (LPCATs). In Camelina sativa seeds, LPCATs could be one of the most important players in this process. Our data clearly indicate that the CsLPCATs present in developing seeds have the potential to transfer almost all polyunsaturated fatty acids synthesised on phosphatidylcholine to the acyl-CoA pool. CsLPCAT activity is the highest at 30 °C, and the enzymes operate well at a pH of 7.0–11.0, with the best activity at a pH of 9.0. The activity of CsLPCATs was inhibited by calcium and magnesium ions at a concentration of 0.05–2 mM. In the forward reaction, CsLPCATs preferentially utilise 18:2-CoA; however, other C18 unsaturated fatty acids are also well accepted. In the backward reactions, there is no clear discrimination between the C18 unsaturated fatty acids utilised by the enzymes for phosphatidylcholine remodelling. The activity of CsLPCATs does not differ much between the stages of seed development.
Highlights
The capacity of the backward reactions of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferases (LPCATs) in the developing seeds of oilseed plants has not been specified; it was not possible to establish to what extent they could be responsible for the transfer of polyunsaturated fatty acids from PC to the acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) pool
The obtained data clearly indicate that the CsLPCATs present in developing seeds have the potential to transfer almost all the polyunsaturated fatty acids synthesised in PC to the acyl-CoA pool
This statement does not imply that LPCATs outcompete other enzymes in vivo that are involved in the transfer of the modified fatty acids in PC to other lipids, e.g., TAG
Summary
Over 50% of the fatty acids in C. sativa oil are polyunsaturated fatty acids with a health beneficial ratio between 18:2 and 18:3 (approximately 1:2). This oil contains a low amount of saturated fatty acids (approximately 10%) and a high content of antioxidant, especially vitamin E (over 70 mg/100 g). All of these factors make C. sativa oil an attractive component of the human diet (Zubr 1997; Putnam et al 1993; Rodriguez-Rodriguez et al 2013). The low acreage of C. sativa cultivation makes it easy to separate eventual transgenic cultivars from non-transformed cultivars
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