Abstract
Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) is a rare disease characterized by an acute damage of one or more external retinal zones leading to the visual field or the visual acuity impairment associated with small or no changes in the fundus examination.The main clinical symptoms are scotomas and the sudden onset of photopsias. Abnormal findings on electroretinography and visual field defects are critical for the diagnosis. Central vision is usually preserved and the stabilization occurs in six months in most cases. The objective of this article is to describe a 24-month follow-up of a patient with AZOOR and correlate the findings with the typical features of this disease.
Highlights
The acute zonal outer occult retinopathy (AZOOR) is characterized by sudden onset of photopsias and scotoma related to acute loss of function of one or more external retinal areas associated with minimal changes in the fundus examination, visual field defect related to the area of scotoma and an abnormal electroretinography (ERG)
The AZOOR usually affects myopic young female adults, with a predilection for caucasians. [1,3] AZOOR has no family character, it is not associated with consanguinity and there is no report of an occupational predisposition. [1]
There is a strong evidence of association with autoimmune diseases such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis and transverse myelitis[1,3]
Summary
The acute zonal outer occult retinopathy (AZOOR) is characterized by sudden onset of photopsias and scotoma related to acute loss of function of one or more external retinal areas associated with minimal changes in the fundus examination, visual field defect related to the area of scotoma and an abnormal electroretinography (ERG). The fundus examination is normal, in a long-term follow-up, most patients have zones of atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) similar to bone spicules observed in the retinitis pigmentosa[1]. [2] The objective of this article is to report the clinical features observed in a case of AZOOR during a 24-month follow-up. (Figures 3 and 4) The visual evoked potential (VEP) was normal in OU and the full-field electroretinogram (ERG) in the scotopic and photopic phases was extinct in OU Manual visual field test showed a diffuse contraction of the isopters in OU, the central island of vision was preserved. (Figures 3 and 4) The visual evoked potential (VEP) was normal in OU and the full-field electroretinogram (ERG) in the scotopic and photopic phases was extinct in OU
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