Abstract
The acute toxicity of manganese (Mn) in Caspian roach Rutilus caspicus was determined. The 96 h-LC50 was calculated to be 300 (240–360) mg L−1. Then, fish were exposed for 96 h to 300 (96 h-LC50), 150 (50% of 96 h-LC50), 60 (20% of 96 h-LC50), and 0 (control group) mg L−1 Mn. Exposure to all Mn concentrations led to fish gill damages, including epithelial lifting, hyperplasia, lamellar fusion, aneurism, and lamellar curling. Also, the fish exposed to all Mn concentrations showed decreased plasma alternative complement and lysozyme activity. Whole body superoxide dismutase, catalase, and malondialdehyde showed significant increases in the Mn-exposed fish which also exhibited lower tolerance to saltwater than the control group.
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