Abstract
The seeds germination, stem and root elongation of water lettuces (Lactuca sativa L) were used to evaluate the phytotoxicity of water and soil of Champotón River, Campeche, Mexico. water and soil sample were collected from two sampling sites. Lettuce seeds were exposed to three different dilutions of water and aqueous extract of soil. Significant differences on germination, root and stem elongation of lettuce were detected. Water showed more phytotoxic effect than aqueous extract of soil and inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) for radicle exposed to river water was 52% while stem elongation was 69%. Due to paucity the previously available phytotoxicological studies onto Champotón River, it is now essential to allocate time and resources to consider development of suitable chronic phytotoxicity tests.
Highlights
Bioassay toxicity Lactuca sativa seeds is a 120 h of exposure static acute toxicity test with, which allows evaluating the phytotoxic effects of pure compounds or complex mixtures in the process of seed germination and development of seedlings in the first days of growth [1]
The evaluation of the development of the radicle and the hypocotyl constitute representative indicators to determine the capacity of establishment and development of the plant [2]
Similar finding has been reported by other authors who tested the effects of exposure to water and sediments of rivers polluted with metals for example Biruk and collaborators [12] describe toxic effects of 5 different types of sediment extracts from Matanzas-Riachuelo basin (Argentina), 2 aqueous extracts and three organic extracts
Summary
Bioassay toxicity Lactuca sativa seeds is a 120 h of exposure static acute toxicity test with, which allows evaluating the phytotoxic effects of pure compounds or complex mixtures in the process of seed germination and development of seedlings in the first days of growth [1]. The evaluation of the development of the radicle and the hypocotyl constitute representative indicators to determine the capacity of establishment and development of the plant [2]. Using bioassays with plants represents a quick and economical method for the characterization of the toxicity of environmental samples [3]. Champotón River, the main surface stream of the Yucatan Peninsula is located in Southeastern Mexico on an area with high content of karstic material. This zone is classified as a priority hydrological region by Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad since 2002 [4]. Champotón river is relevant due to the attributes associated with ecosystems susceptible to conservation, it faces great challenges due to deforestation and insufficient research on toxic effects of pollution from non-point sources [6]
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