Abstract
The present study was focused on the concentration-dependent changes in oral acute toxicity of leaf extracts of E. fluctuans in zebrafish. The study was also aimed at the details of histopathological changes in the gill, liver, brain, and intestine of zebrafish exposed to the leaf extracts of the plant E. fluctuans. Enydra fluctuans Lour is an edible semiaquatic herbaceous plant used widely for the alleviation of the different diseases. Since there were no toxicity studies conducted on this plant, the present study was an attempt to look into the elements of toxicity of the plants. Two types of experiments are conducted in the present study. First, the acute oral toxicity study was conducted as per the OECD guidelines 203. Second, histopathological changes were observed in the fishes exposed to the lethal concentrations of plant extract. The oral acute toxicity studies conducted on Zebrafish have revealed that the leave extracts of E. fluctuans were toxic to the tested fish at the concentration of 200 mg/kg body weight. The histopathological studies conducted on the intestine of treated fishes showed that treatment has induced rupturing of the villi structure and fusion of villi the membrane and detachment of the villi structure from the basal membrane of the intestine. The histology of the liver also showed severe vacuolization in the cells while it is not affected in control. The studies on gills showed the detachment of the basal epithelial membrane in the gills compared to control which might have led to death of the fish. The histopathological observations of brain tissues treated with test samples also revealed the marked impingement in the brain parenchyma while the control is normal without impingement of the brain.
Highlights
With the development of herbal industry, people started to use many plant extracts in the preparations of herbal products commercially
Many studies have not been conducted on the toxicity of those herbal products. e present study was designed to investigate on toxicity level of leaf extracts of the plant Enydra fluctuans Lour in the zebrafish. e toxic agent is mostly released from sources like leaf, fruits, and barks of plants, animals, and microorganisms
Oral Toxicity Studies of Ethanolic Extracts of the Leaf of Enydra fluctuans in Danio rerio. e study conducted on acute oral toxicity revealed that the leaf extracts of Enydra fluctuans were more toxic to Danio rerio
Summary
With the development of herbal industry, people started to use many plant extracts in the preparations of herbal products commercially. People are of the assumption that all plant products are safe to consume and there is no need to investigate on their safety aspects. Many studies have not been conducted on the toxicity of those herbal products. E present study was designed to investigate on toxicity level of leaf extracts of the plant Enydra fluctuans Lour in the zebrafish. E assessment of toxicity using acute toxicity bioassay can prove the safety of traditional medicine using the plant E. fluctuans and promote its consumption. E importance of toxicity testing is to provide dosedependent changes against the toxicity effect, study the safety of components in the sample, and authenticate methods of investigating toxicity [2]. Studies have proved that humans show genetically great similarities of genomic sequences and brain
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