Abstract
Utilities that depend on steam generation for the production of electricity have benefitted greatly from the use of hydrazine (H/sub 2/NNH/sub 2/). The chemical is a strong antioxidant that reacts with oxygen in water to form water and nitrogen gas. Deoxygenated boiler water helps reduce oxidation inside boilers and steam systems, thereby increasing their efficiency and longevity. Idle boilers are protected with layup solutions of hydrazine in concentrations as high as 200 mg/L. Hydrazine may enter the aquatic environment as controlled industrial discharge or as a result of an accidental spill. Data on the aquatic toxicity of hydrazine hydrate, however, are lacking. This paper addresses the acute toxicity of hydrazine hydrate to a freshwater fish (fathead minnow, Pimephalas promelas) and invertebrate (daphnid, Daphnia pulex).
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