Abstract
This study investigated the acute toxicity of Clariasgariepinusfingerlings. The fingerlings of Clariasgariepinuswere acclimatized for 1 week before the range-finding test was carried out at varying concentrations. Sublethal concentration (viz: 0.00ppm, 10.80 ppm, 18.00 ppm, 25.20 ppm, 32.40 ppm and 39.60 ppm of the 2,4-D Dimethylamine salt) were made in a rectangular aquarium. Each experimental concentration was carried out in triplicate with 10 fish each. The media were renewed at every 24 hours throughout the experimental duration viz: 96 hours. When the fish were introduced into the aquarium containing the toxicants, they exhibited some behavioural changes including opercular movement, air gulping and irregular swimming pattern. The mortality rate significantly increased as the concentration of the 2,4-D Dimethylamine salt increased for each of the exposure duration. The LC50 values at 24, 48, 72 and 96 were 86.15 ppm, 36.28 ppm, 18.72 ppm and 15.68 ppm, respectively. From the findings of this study, there is a need for exercise caution in the use of 2,4-D Dimethylamine salt based herbicides close to the aquatic ecosystem.
Highlights
Pesticides have been found useful in the control of different kind of pest in both homes and agricultural fields [1]
Herbicides just like other pesticides tend to cause pollution in the environment depending on the concentrations and exposure duration
Water Quality Analysis The in-situ water quality parameters analyzed include pH, temperature, conductivity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen and salinity and the results obtained ranged from 6.3 – 6.8, 24 - 26 oC, 61.5 – 136.8 μS/cm, Figure 1 shows the percentage mortality of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings exposed to 2,4-D Dimethylamine salt
Summary
Pesticides have been found useful in the control of different kind of pest in both homes and agricultural fields [1]. The group of pesticides used to control, mitigate or eradicate pests include insecticides, acaricides, herbicides, fungicides, rodenticides, fumigants. The use of herbicides in controlling weeds in agricultural and home fields have increased. This has raised the concern of many environmentalists, possibly due to the toxicity nature of many herbicides to non-targeted organisms. Herbicides just like other pesticides (such as insecticides, acaricides, etc) tend to cause pollution in the environment depending on the concentrations and exposure duration. Herbicides could cause an alteration in the biochemical and physiological responses of exposed organisms especially fishes in the aquatic ecosystem and small mammals such as rabbits in the terrestrial environment
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