Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) filters are used in cosmetics, personal care products and packaging materials to provide sun protection for human skin and other substances. Little is known about these substances, but they continue to be released into the environment. The acute toxicity of 4,4’-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,4,4’-trihydroxybenzophenone and 4-MBC to Chlorella vulgaris and Daphnia magna were analyzed in this study. The 96 h-EC50 values of 4,4’-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,4,4’-trihydroxybenzophenone and 4-MBC on C. vulgaris were 183.60, 3.50 and 0.16874 mg/L, respectively. The 48 h-LC50 of 4,4’-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,4,4’-trihydroxybenzophenone and 4-MBC on D. magna were 12.50, 3.74 and 0.54445 mg/L, respectively. The toxicity of a mixture of 4,4’-dihydroxybenzophenone and 4-MBC showed addictive effect on C. vulgaris, while the toxicity of mixtures of 4,4’-dihydroxybenzophenone and 2,4,4’-trihydroxybenzophenone, 2,4,4’-trihydroxybenzophenone and 4-MBC as well as 4,4’-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,4,4’-trihydroxybenzophenone and 4-MBC all showed antagonistic effect on C. vulgaris. The induced no-effect concentrations of 4,4’-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,4,4’-trihydroxybenzophenone and 4-MBC by the assessment factor (AF) method were 0.0125, 0.00350 and 0.000169 mg/L, respectively.
Highlights
Ultraviolet exposure can do harm to human skin as well as alter the properties of substances like polymer in food and other products [1]
UV filters are the main ingredient in sunscreens that provide sun protection, and are used as UV stabilizers in hair sprays, insect repellents, plastics and rubbers because they can prevent polymer degradation or pigmentation, working either by absorbing UV radiation or reflecting UV radiation [2]. 14 benzophenone-type UV filters as well as camphor derivatives
Acute toxicity and ecological risk assessment of three chemicals in ultraviolet filters had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript
Summary
Ultraviolet exposure can do harm to human skin as well as alter the properties of substances like polymer in food and other products [1]. Such character of ultraviolet prompted the widespread use of UV filters. UV filters are the main ingredient in sunscreens that provide sun protection, and are used as UV stabilizers in hair sprays, insect repellents, plastics and rubbers because they can prevent polymer degradation or pigmentation, working either by absorbing UV radiation (known as organic absorbers) or reflecting UV radiation (known as inorganic blockers) [2]. Acute toxicity and ecological risk assessment of three chemicals in ultraviolet filters had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript UV filters are the main ingredient in sunscreens that provide sun protection, and are used as UV stabilizers in hair sprays, insect repellents, plastics and rubbers because they can prevent polymer degradation or pigmentation, working either by absorbing UV radiation (known as organic absorbers) or reflecting UV radiation (known as inorganic blockers) [2]. 14 benzophenone-type UV filters (including 4,4’-dihydroxybenzophenone and 2,4,4’-trihydroxybenzophenone) as well as camphor derivatives
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
