Acute Toxicity and Cytotoxicity Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Spondias tuberosa Arruda Bark: Hematological, Biochemical and Histopathological Evaluation.

Humberto M Barbosa,Jeymesson R.C Vieira,Ulysses P Albuquerque,Cláudia S.A Lima,Edson R.B De Santana,Ricardo Yara,Eduardo C Lira,Filipe S Duarte,Thiago A.S Araújo,Jailson N Do Nascimento,Dayane A Gomes

doi:10.1590/0001-3765201620160041

Abstract

Spondias tuberosa Arruda, popularly named as umbu, is native from savanna-like vegetation and widely used for medicinal purposes, however, the toxicological profile is not available yet. This study evaluated the phytochemical profile and acute toxicity and citoxicity of Ethanolic Extract of Spondias tuberosa Arruda Bark (EEStb) in hematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters. Female Wistar rats were divided into: control (C) and animal treated single doses of 300mg/Kg (EEStb300) or 2.000mg/kg body weight (ESStb2.000) of the EEStb. After 24 hours and 14 days from gavage, the behavior, hematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters were assayed. Cytotoxicity effect was evaluated on HEp-2 cell lines. Neither EEStb300 nor EEStb2.000 produced mortality nor changes in body weight during the 14-days of observation, but EEStb2.000 reduced quietly the food and water intake as well as locomotor activity at first day. There were no changes in macroscopic, histopathological, biochemical and hematological parameters. EEStb in concentrations of 6.25- 50μg ml-1 on HEp-2 cell did not produce cytotoxic effect. These results suggest that EEStb did not cause acute toxicity and cytotoxic, suggesting a good safety rate for Spondias tuberosa Arruda.

Highlights

Plants produce a plethora of lowmolecular mass natural product, known as secondary metabolites, which play a role in theAn Acad Bras Cienc (2016) 88 (3 Suppl.)acceptability of medicinal plants has been limited by a lack of defined chemical composition, dose used, and toxicological profile to evaluate their safety (Deng et al 2013)
Kidney architecture with glomerulus (G) surrounded by the Bowman’s capsule (BC), Renal Tubules (RT) without any inflammatory changes when compared with the control group (Figure 2: c, d and e)
This study is the first reports in literature that provide preliminary in vitro and in vivo evidences about the Spondias tuberosa safety

Summary

Introduction

Plants produce a plethora of lowmolecular mass natural product, known as secondary metabolites, which play a role in theAn Acad Bras Cienc (2016) 88 (3 Suppl.)acceptability of medicinal plants has been limited by a lack of defined chemical composition, dose used, and toxicological profile to evaluate their safety (Deng et al 2013). The Anacardiaceae family of flowering plants has around 81 genera and 800 species, which are economically relevant due to agriculture and food production (Aguilar-Barajas et al 2014). Spondias tuberosa Arruda (Anacardiaceae), popularly named as umbu, is one of the most important endemic species from Brazilian semi-arid region (Lins Neto et al 2012). It is native from savanna-like vegetation and widely for nourishment, medicinal purposes and fuel wood (Lins Neto et al 2010). Its principal product is the fruit which acid taste is widely appreciate, the leaves and barks are still used in folk medicine to treatment of different diseases such as diabetes, lipids disturbance, diarrhea, inflammation, conjunctivitis, venereal diseases, menstrual colic disturbances, placental delivery, renal infection, throat afflictions and antiemetic (De Sousa Araújo et al 2008, Lins Neto et al 2010)

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