Abstract
Introduction:A gap non-union in various conditions has been treated successfully by the Ilizarov method. The gap can be filled up either by an acute shortening and re-lengthening (ASRL) procedure or by an internal bone transport (IBT). We compared the functional and clinical outcome of ASRL and IBT in gap non-unions of the infected tibia.Material and Methods:A retrospective study was conducted in our department from the data collected in the period between 1997 and 2010. There were 86 cases of infected non-union of the tibia, in patients of the age group 18 to 65 years, with a minimum two-year follow-up. Group A consisted of cases treated by ASRL (n=46), and Group B, of cases by IBT (n=40). The non-union following both open and closed fractures had been treated by plate osteosynthesis, intra-medullary nails and primary Ilizarov fixators. Radical debridement was done and fragments stabilised with ring fixators. The actual bone gap and limb length discrepancy were measured on the operating table after debridement. In ASRL acute docking was done for defects up to 3cm, and subacute docking for bigger gaps. Corticotomy was done once there was no infection and distraction started after a latency of seven days. Dynamisation was followed by the application of a patellar tendon bearing cast for one month after removal of the ring with the clinico-radiological union.Results:The bone loss was 3 to 8cm (4.77±1.43) in Group A and 3 to 9cm (5.31± 1.28) in Group B after thorough debridement. Bony union, eradication of infection and primary soft- tissue healing was 100%, 85% and 78% in Group A and 95%, 60%, 36% in Group B respectively. Nonunion at docking site, equinus deformity, false aneurysm, interposition of soft-tissue, transient nerve palsies were seen only in cases treated by IBT.Conclusion:IBT is an established method to manage gap non-union of the tibia. In our study, complications were significantly higher in cases where IBT was employed. We, therefore, recommend ASRL with an established protocol for better results in terms of significantly less lengthening index, eradication of infection, and primary soft tissue healing. ASRL is a useful method to bridge the bone gap by making soft tissue and bone reconstruction easier, eliminating the disadvantages of IBT.
Highlights
A gap non-union in various conditions has been treated successfully by the Ilizarov method
Eighty-six cases of infected gap non-union of the tibia were included in our study as they had completed a minimum of two years of follow-up
Intra-operative cultures of debrided samples showed that the most common organism was Staphylococcus aureus followed by klebsiella species, and appropriate systemic antibiotics were started till the infection was under control
Summary
A gap non-union in various conditions has been treated successfully by the Ilizarov method. We compared the functional and clinical outcome of ASRL and IBT in gap non-unions of the infected tibia. Eradication of infection and primary soft- tissue healing was 100%, 85% and 78% in Group A and 95%, 60%, 36% in Group B respectively. Recommend ASRL with an established protocol for better results in terms of significantly less lengthening index, eradication of infection, and primary soft tissue healing. Various strategies have been described to treat such cases, with aggressive debridement, removal of dead bone, filling up of the gap with antibiotic-impregnated cement, bone grafting and internal fixation with plastic reconstruction, and the application of the Masquelet technique. The goals of treating an infected non-union are infection eradication, promotion of healing of both soft tissue and bone, limb length restoration and function improvement of the limb. Acute shortening results in an inherently stable pattern of the fracture allowing the patient to bear weight soon after surgery[6]
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