Abstract

The aim of the present study was to examine the acute effect of an ultra-endurance performance on N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), cardiac specific troponin T (cTnT), creatinine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), ischemia modified albumin (IMA), heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) and cardiovascular function. Cardiac biomarkers were evaluated in 14 male ultra-marathoners (age 40 ± 12 years) during a 24 h ultra-marathon at five points (i.e., Pre-race; Marathon, 12-h run, 24-h run, and 48-h post-race). All subjects underwent baseline echocardiography assessment at least 10 days prior to the ultra-marathon and 48 h post-race. The average distance covered during the race was 149.4 ± 33.0 km. Running the ultra-marathon led to a progressive increase in hsCRP and H-FABP concentrations (p < 0.001). CK-MB and cTnT levels were higher after a 24-h run compared to pre-race (p < 0.05). Diastolic function was altered post-race characterized by a reduction in peak early to late diastolic filling (p < 0.01). Running an ultra-marathon significantly stimulates specific cardiac biomarkers; however, the dynamic of secretion of biomarkers linked to myocardium ischemia were differentially regulated during the ultra-marathon race. It is suggested that both exercise duration and intensity play a crucial role in cardiovascular adaptive mechanisms and cause risk of cardiac stress in ultra-marathoners.

Highlights

  • Findings from most scientific studies have suggested a positive relationship between physical activity and health benefits [1] with aerobic exercise increasing cardiorespiratory fitness [2], improving lipid profile [3] and constituting the most effective stimulus for adaptive changes in cardiovascular hemodynamic [4]

  • This study revealed that running a marathon had a significant impact on NTproBNP levels, whereas competing in a 24 h ultra-marathon significantly increased hypoxia–induced biomarkers compared to baseline levels

  • The 24-h ultra-marathon-related strain caused an acute but transient cardiac dysfunction. These phenomena were evidenced by high levels of cardiac biomarkers as a sign of exercise-induced myocardium overload, but not associated with echocardiography parameters of myocardial dysfunction

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Summary

Introduction

Findings from most scientific studies have suggested a positive relationship between physical activity and health benefits [1] with aerobic exercise increasing cardiorespiratory fitness [2], improving lipid profile [3] and constituting the most effective stimulus for adaptive changes in cardiovascular hemodynamic [4]. The popularity of ultra-distance running might explain the increased number of studies on physiological and biochemical cardiac. Med. 2019, 8, 57 dysfunction in elite as well as recreational athletes [8,9,10,11]. Echocardiography measurements as well as cardiac biomarkers showed that participation in ultra-endurance events was associated with significant changes in cardiac function [12,13]

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