Acute Pseudo-Obstruction of the Small Intestine Following High-Dose Chemotherapy and Stem Cell Support

Abstract

Background: Acute intestinal pseudo-obstruction is a potentially life-threatening disease which is characterized by massive dilation of the colon or small intestine without mechanical obstruction and may develop after surgery or severe illness. Patients and Methods: We report 2 cases in which acute small intestinal pseudo-obstruction occurred after high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell support. In 1 patient explorative abdominal laparoscopy was performed to rule out mechanical ileus. However, after having initiated treatment with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors a prompt small intestinal decompression was observed in both patients. Conclusions: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors should be considered as an early conservative intervention in the treatment of acute intestinal pseudo-obstruction to avoid surgery of patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell support.