Abstract
Aim:The study was undertaken to study acute phase response based on acute phase proteins (APPs) such as C-reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA), and fibrinogen in lame crossbred dairy cattle.Materials and Methods:Lame animals (n=30) were selected within 3-7 days of being noticed as lame by the farm veterinarian, from a local dairy farm in southeast Ludhiana over a period of 6 months, stratified proportionately with respect to stage of lactation with non-lame healthy cows (n=10). All the cows were otherwise healthy and did not have any other inflammatory problems such as pneumonia, enteritis, mastitis, or any kind of acute uterine inflammation. Blood samples were collected from all the animals; serum and plasma samples were separated and stored at −20°C. The levels of CRP, Hp, and SAA were estimated using Sandwich ELISA, whereas fibrinogen was estimated by heat precipitation method.Results:SAA levels in lame cows were significantly higher (22.19±0.85 µg/ml), approximately 3 times as compared to non-lame cows (8.89±0.72 µg/ml), whereas serum Hp concentration was approximately 20 times higher in the lame cattle (21.71±3.32 mg/dl) as compared to non-lame cows (1.17±0.07 mg/dl). Fibrinogen also increased in the lame cattle (3.97±0.22 g/L) as compared to non-lame group (1.40±0.17 g/L). Serum CRP levels analyzed in the lame cattle for the first time in the present study, and significant high concentration was appreciated in lame cattle (4.41±0.33 mg/L) as compared to non-lame cattle (0.61±0.14 mg/L). Lame cattle were having more of sole hemorrhages, sole ulcers, and white line lesions as compared to non-lame cattle.Conclusion:It can be concluded that lame cattle exhibit high levels of APPs including CRP, Hp, SAA, and fibrinogen as compared to non-lame cattle.
Highlights
Acute phase proteins (APPs) are the blood proteins that change in concentration in response to various inflammatory as well as non-inflammatory conditions in animals [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels analyzed in the lame cattle for the first time in the present study, and significant high concentration was appreciated in lame cattle (4.41±0.33 mg/L) as compared to non-lame cattle (0.61±0.14 mg/L)
It was found that serum amyloid A (SAA) levels in lame cows were significantly high, approximately 3 times (22.19±0.85 μg/ml) as compared to healthy cows (8.89±0.72 μg/ml), whereas serum Hp concentration was approximately 20 times in the lame cattle (21.71±3.32 mg/dl) as compared to non-lame cows (1.17±0.07 mg/dl)
Summary
Acute phase proteins (APPs) are the blood proteins that change in concentration in response to various inflammatory as well as non-inflammatory conditions in animals [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. There are basically two types of APPs, negative and positive APPs which increase and decrease in levels in response to any challenge. Albumin and transferrin are the negative APPs, whereas C-reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA), and fibrinogen are the positive APPs [8]. SAA and CRP having molecular weight of 180 and 115 kDa, respectively, and are the first phase APPs which rise as early as 4 h of initiation of Copyright: Bagga, et al Open Access. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/ publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated
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