Acute-phase reactants, essential trace elements and some hematological parameters in Nigerian children with steady state sickle cell disorder

Abstract

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited chronic hematological disorder, with inflammatory responses arising from different pathways. Information is scarce about the levels of acute-phase reactants and essentials trace elements in HbSS Nigerian children. Understanding of these will further elucidate the pathophysiology of SCD, which may assist in the proper management of this condition in the pediatric population. Aim: To measure the levels of acute-phase reactants (C-reactive protein [CRP], C1q, C4, ferritin and transferrin), trace elements (Fe, Zn, Cu) and some hematological parameters in HbSS children Materials and Methods: A total number of 26 consecutive steady state HbSS children below the age of 5 years was recruited for the study. The same number of HbAA children was recruited as a control. Trace elements were determined with atomic absorption spectrophotometer. C4, C1q and CRP were quantified using immunoplates, and full blood count analysis was done according to standard hematological procedures. Results: There were no significant differences between serum mean levels of Zn, Cu, Ferritin, C4, C1q, albumin and CRP in steady state HbSS children compared to their HbAA counterparts. There was a significant increase in the level of serum iron in steady state HbSS children compared to HbAA children. There was also a significant reduction in the serum level of transferrin in steady state HbSS children compared to HbAA children. There were no significant differences between the white blood cell, red blood cell, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular Hb concentration, platelets, lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils in steady state HbSS children compared to their HbAA counterparts. However, there was a significant reduction in the Hb concentration and hematocrit value in steady state HbSS children compared to HbAA children. Conclusion: The study observes reduced inflammation in steady state HbSS children below the age of 5 years. It is recommended that consumption of diets or use of iron containing drug by HbSS children be monitored to prevent iron overload.