Abstract
ABSTRACT: Acute phase proteins (APP) are proteins synthesized and released largely by hepatocytes upon the occurrence of cell damage or invasion by microorganisms. This article reviews the use of APP in feline diseases, identifying their usefulness in the clinical setting, analyzing 55 published papers. Serum amyloid A, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, and haptoglobin are the indicators pointed out by the authors as useful in monitoring the acute inflammatory response in cats. Although, APP measurement is still not routinely used in veterinary medicine, together with clinical signs and other blood parameters, was of clinical interest and applicability in diseases such as feline infectious peritonitis, pancreatitis, renal failure, retroviral and Calicivirus infections. Although, there are commercially available kits for dosing feline APP, assay standardization aiming technical simplicity, more species specificity and with less associated costs will allow routine use in feline practice, as it is done in the human field.
Highlights
The acute phase response (APR) is an early, non-specific systemic innate immune reaction to local or systemic stimulus, which helps to heal and re-establish homeostasis and minimize tissue damage when the body is affected by trauma, infection, stress, surgery, neoplasia or inflammation (GRUYS et al, 2005; CRAY et al, 2009; ECKERSALL & BELL, 2010)
Positive acute phase proteins Positive APP are glycoproteins in which serum concentrations increase by 25% upon stimulation by pro inflammatory cytokines during disease process, being released in the blood stream
Blood serum amyloid A (SAA) levels can indicate inflammatory conditions such as feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) and other infectious diseases such as caliciviral infection, chlamydiosis, leukemia, and infectious immunodeficiency since it increases by 10- to 50-fold(TIZARD, 2013b)
Summary
The acute phase response (APR) is an early, non-specific systemic innate immune reaction to local or systemic stimulus, which helps to heal and re-establish homeostasis and minimize tissue damage when the body is affected by trauma, infection, stress, surgery, neoplasia or inflammation (GRUYS et al, 2005; CRAY et al, 2009; ECKERSALL & BELL, 2010). Acute phase proteins The APP concentrations can increase (positive APP) or decrease (negative APP) (PALTRINIERI et al, 2008) in response to inflammation (JOHNSTON & TOBIAS, 2018). Positive acute phase proteins Positive APP are glycoproteins in which serum concentrations increase by 25% upon stimulation by pro inflammatory cytokines during disease process, being released in the blood stream.
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