Abstract
AbstractAcute painful ophthalmoplegia may be caused by a number of processes including inflammation (giant cell arteritis, sarcoidosis, thyroid eye disease, idiopathic), vascular (aneurysm, hemorrhage, thrombosis, ischemia, fistula), tumor, and migraine. However, infectious causes (fungal, bacterial) of ophthalmoplegia may be life‐threatening if the diagnosis and treatment is delayed. Presenting symptoms and signs, differential diagnosis, and the appropriate treatment of these infectious entities will be discussed.
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