Acute Osteomyelitis: How to Recognize, Diagnose, and Treat—A Narrative Review

Abstract

The aim of this study is to assess the incidence, etiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostics, treatment interventions, and prevention strategies of osteomyelitis. An electronic search was conducted to find articles in the following databases: Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and PubMed. Additional information was collected from the National Institutes of Health. Practitioners in primary care play a crucial role in identifying patients at risk for osteomyelitis in patients with wounds, fractures, or infections. These providers must recognize signs and symptoms of osteomyelitis, ordering appropriate diagnostics, treatments, and referrals to expedite care and minimize damage to bone by early detection and diagnosis. Once the bone infection has been identified, treatment can be initiated quickly to help enhance the quality of care delivered and improve overall patient outcomes. Primary care providers are often the first to recognize patients’ wounds, trauma, or infections that require further attention. Early detection and diagnosis of osteomyelitis expedite referrals and treatment that improve outcomes and prognosis. Providers also play a vital role in preventing osteomyelitis by treating comorbidities that place patients at higher risk for infectious bone development.