Acute myocardial infarction in the young - National Trend Analysis with gender-based difference in outcomes

Abstract

IntroductionAlthough acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a disease predominantly affecting adults >60 years of age, a significant proportion of the young population who have different risk profiles, are also affected. We undertook a retrospective analysis using National Inpatient Sample (NIS) 2010 to 2014 to evaluate gender differences in characteristics, treatments, and outcomes in the younger AMI population. MethodsThe NIS 2010–2014 was used to identify all patient hospitalizations with AMI between 18 to <45 years using ICD-9-CM codes. We demonstrated a gender-based difference of in-hospital all-cause mortality, other complications, and revascularization strategies in the overall AMI population and other subgroups of AMI [anterior wall ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI), and non-anterior wall STEMI and non-STEMI (NSTEMI)]. ResultsA total of 156,018 weighted records of AMI hospitalizations were identified, of which 111,894 were men and 44,124 were women. Young women had a higher prevalence of anemia, chronic lung disease, obesity, peripheral vascular disease, and diabetes. Conversely, young men had a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia, smoking, and alcohol. Among non-traditional risk factors, women had a higher prevalence of depression and rheumatologic/collagen vascular disease. There was no difference in all-cause in-hospital mortality in women compared to men [2.03% vs 1.48%; OR 1.04, CI (0.84–1.29); P = .68], including in subgroup analysis of NSTEMI, anterior wall STEMI, and non-anterior wall STEMI. Women with AMI were less likely to undergo percutaneous coronary intervention [47.13% vs 61.17%; OR 0.66, 95% CI (0.62–0.70; P < .001] and coronary artery bypass grafting [5.6% vs 6.0%; OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.64–0.83; P < .001] compared to men. Women were also less likely to undergo percutaneous coronary intervention within 24 h of presentation (38.47% vs 51.42%, P < .001). ConclusionDespite higher baseline comorbidities in young women with AMI, there was no difference in in-hospital mortality in women compared to men. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the impact of gender on clinical presentation, treatment patterns, and outcomes of AMI in young patients.Clinical significance1)No gender difference in all-cause mortality in young with myocardial infarction.2)Women had lower odds of getting revascularization with stent placement.3)Lower odds of stent placement within 24 h of admission, and bypass in women.4)Higher odds of mitral regurgitation and complete heart block in young women.