Acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock: role of mechanical circulatory support

Abstract

Acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock (AMI-CS) is the leading cause of in-hospital death for patients admitted with acute coronary syndromes. Expert guidelines for the care of AMI-CS patients recommend early revascularization with intra-aortic balloon pump support. Ventricular assist devices (VADs) offer the advantages of providing greater and longer-term cardiac support than an intra-aortic balloon pump and may improve outcomes when inserted early after heart failure symptoms begin. Pulsatile VADs are versatile and can provide biventricular support but are associated with a higher incidence of serious complications. The newer percutaneous VADs can normalize cardiac index and can be implanted without surgery. Therefore, early implementation of percutaneous VADs and early revascularization may reduce the high mortality of AMI-CS. However, access to revascularization and VAD support, including percutaneous VADs, is currently limited and must improve to more effectively treat AMI-CS patients.