Abstract
A child with Di Guglielmo's syndrome was treated with blood transfusions. Coincident with correction of anemia, there was a prompt disappearance of the erythropoietic abnormalities in blood and bone marrow. This indicates that, in this instance, erythropoiesis was under the influence of normal humoral control mechanisms and was not autonomous. Transfusions had no effect on the number of myeloblastic cells. On the basis of these observations, we propose that some cases of Di Guglielmo's syndrome may represent acute myelogenous leukemia with a concomitant hemolytic anemia and prominent ineffective erythropoiesis. The concept of a primary malignancy of the erythroid cell line (erythroleukemia) is challenged.
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