Acute monocytic leukemia with KMT2A::LASP1 developed 9months after diagnosis of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in a 2-year-old boy.

Abstract

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is known as one of the subsequent malignant neoplasms that can develop after cancer treatment, but it is difficult to distinguish from relapse when the preceding cancer is leukemia. We report a 2-year-old boy who developed acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL, French-American-British classification [FAB]: M7) at 18months of age and achieved complete remission with multi-agent chemotherapy without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Nine months after diagnosis and 4months after completing treatment for AMKL, he developed acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL) with the KMT2A::LASP1 chimeric gene (FAB: M5b). The second complete remission was achieved using multi-agent chemotherapy and he underwent cord blood transplantation 4months after AMoL was diagnosed. He is currently alive and disease free at 39 and 48months since his AMoL and AMKL diagnoses, respectively. Retrospective analysis revealed that the KMT2A::LASP1 chimeric gene was detected 4months after diagnosis of AMKL. Common somatic mutations were not detected in AMKL or AMoL and no germline pathogenic variants were detected. Since the patient's AMoL was different from his primary leukemia of AMKL in terms of morphological, genomic, and molecular analysis, we concluded that he developed a subsequent leukemia rather than a relapse of his primary leukemia.