Abstract
AMKL has been reported in DS. We have observed recently a child with DS who developed AMKL as well as two newborn infants with Transient Leukemia (TL) which appeared to be AMKL. During a 10 year period 24 cases of leukemia (excluding TL) in DS were observed in our institute. Of them 4 were considered to have AMKL. Review of the above cases and 66 cases reported previously lead to the following conclusions: 1. Approximately 20% of leukemia (excluding TL) in DS is AMKL. 2. Approximately 20% of all leukemia in DS is TL. 3. TL in DS is AMKL. 4. Recurrence of AMKL occurs in 20% of TL. 5. The incidence of AMKL in DS is estimated to be 400 x that in normal children. These observations suggest that a specific form of leukemia, namely AMKL, has a remarkable association with DS.
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