Abstract
Background: Leukemias are classified as lymphoid or myeloid, dependent on the type of stem cell that is affected. In addition, leukemia is classified as chronic or acute. Acute leukemia is a production of bone marrow-derived immature cells (blasts), include solid organs or peripheral blood. The FAB Cooperative Group original classification scheme proposed to divide1 ALL into three subtypes (L1 - L3). Currently, the world health organization (WHO), modify FAB classification depending on immunophenotype. Symptoms presence of anemia, splenomegaly, and thrombocytopenia, and those are naturally present at diagnosis, indicating the degree to which leukemic lymphoblasts have replaced the bone marrow and the first mark to an ALL diagnosis is typically an abnormal complete blood count result. Objective: To introduce causes of acute lymphocytic leukemia, recent classification methods, diagnosis, and symptoms and diagnosis. Conclusion: Acute lymphocytic leukemia occurs due to a defect in the bone marrow and is classified into several types. The most important classification by the World Health Organization is depending on immunophenotype. The main symptoms are the increase in white blood cells with anemia and thrombocytopenia. Keywords: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Blood
Highlights
Abnormal production of blood cells in the ionizing radiation exposure, chromosomal bone marrow and blood-forming organs leads abnormalities (Down syndrome), chemical to a malignant disease usually referred to as compounds, or families with leukemia, which can be categorized leukemic history/ members constitute the risk according to the rate progression [1]. factors [2]
Acute leukemia is a production of bone marrow-derived immature cells, include solid organs or peripheral blood
Acute leukemia is divided into two main types acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia dependent on the origin of whether the blasts are present to be lymphoblasts or myeloblasts [7]
Summary
Abnormal production of blood cells in the ionizing radiation exposure, chromosomal bone marrow and blood-forming organs leads abnormalities (Down syndrome), chemical to a malignant disease usually referred to as compounds (benzene), or families with leukemia, which can be categorized leukemic history/ members constitute the risk according to the rate progression [1]. factors [2]. Abnormal production of blood cells in the ionizing radiation exposure, chromosomal bone marrow and blood-forming organs leads abnormalities (Down syndrome), chemical to a malignant disease usually referred to as compounds (benzene), or families with leukemia, which can be categorized leukemic history/ members constitute the risk according to the rate progression [1]. Leukemia etiology is poorly described, with most authors finding it to be multifactorial. Leukemia is a class of malignant hematologic disorder with mesenchymal (lymphoid or myeloid) origin arising from the bone marrow, produces a high number of abnormal hematopoietic cells in terms of their proliferation, differentiation, and cell death programming (apoptosis) [3]. Leukemias are classified as lymphoid or myeloid, dependent on the type of stem cell that is affected. Leukemia is classified as chronic or acute [4]
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