Abstract
Background: Acute exercise reduces postprandial oxidative stress and glycemia; however, the effects of exercise intensity are unclear. We investigated the effect of acute low-volume high-intensity interval-exercise (LV-HIIE) and continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CMIE) on glycemic control and oxidative stress in overweight and obese, inactive adults.Methods: Twenty-seven adults were randomly allocated to perform a single session of LV-HIIE (9 females, 5 males; age: 30 ± 1 years; BMI: 29 ± 1 kg·m−2; mean ± SEM) or CMIE (8 females, 5 males; age: 30 ± 2.0; BMI: 30 ± 2.0) 1 h after consumption of a standard breakfast. Plasma redox status, glucose and insulin were measured. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was conducted during the 24-h period before (rest day) and after exercise (exercise day).Results: Plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS; 29 ±13%, p < 0.01; mean percent change ±90% confidence limit), hydrogen peroxide (44 ± 16%, p < 0.01), catalase activity (50 ± 16%, p < 0.01), and superoxide dismutase activity (21 ± 6%, p < 0.01) significantly increased 1 h after breakfast (prior to exercise) compared to baseline. Exercise significantly decreased postprandial glycaemia in whole blood (−6 ± 5%, p < 0.01), irrespective of the exercise protocol. Only CMIE significantly decreased postprandial TBARS (CMIE: −33 ± 8%, p < 0.01; LV-HIIE: 11 ± 22%, p = 0.34) and hydrogen peroxide (CMIE: −25 ± 15%, p = 0.04; LV-HIIE: 7 ± 26%; p = 0.37). Acute exercise provided a similar significant improvement in 24-h average glucose levels (−5 ± 2%, p < 0.01), hyperglycemic excursions (−37 ± 60%, p < 0.01), peak glucose concentrations (−8 ± 4%, p < 0.01), and the 2-h postprandial glucose response to dinner (−9 ± 4%, p < 0.01), irrespective of the exercise protocol.Conclusion: Despite elevated postprandial oxidative stress compared to CMIE, LV-HIIE is an equally effective exercise mode for improving 24-h glycemic control in overweight and obese adults.
Highlights
Physical inactivity and obesity are major risk factors for impaired glycemic control, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (Valko et al, 2007; Fisher-Wellman et al, 2009)
We investigated the effect of acute low-volume high-intensity interval-exercise (LV-high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE)) and continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CMIE) on glycemic control and oxidative stress in overweight and obese, inactive adults
Baseline measurements for Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and biochemical data, and physiological data measured in the graded exercise test (GXT), were not significantly different (p > 0.05) between lower-volume HIIE (LV-HIIE) and CMIE groups (Table 1)
Summary
Physical inactivity and obesity are major risk factors for impaired glycemic control, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (Valko et al, 2007; Fisher-Wellman et al, 2009). Compared to continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CMIE), high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) has been shown to elicit comparable and/or greater improvements in glycemic control (Gibala et al, 2012; Liubaoerjijin et al, 2016). A single bout of HIIE can improve 24-h glycemic control in obese individuals and patients with type 2 diabetes (Gillen et al, 2012; Little et al, 2014). We investigated the effect of acute low-volume high-intensity interval-exercise (LV-HIIE) and continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CMIE) on glycemic control and oxidative stress in overweight and obese, inactive adults
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