Abstract
Objective:To analyze acute kidney injury (AKI) frequency, risk factors and outcome in ureteric stone patients.Methods:This is an observational retrospective study performed in a single tertiary care centre in Abu Dhabi from October 2014 till August 2015. Convenient sampling was done on 152 consecutive patients who underwent decompression surgery (Ureterorenoscopy LASER Lithotripsy and DJ Stenting) for ureteric stones. Serum Creatinine was used to calculate creatinine clearance by cock croft Gault formula in all patients before and after procedure. Analysis was done on SPSS version 17.Results:Out of 152 patients who under went decompression surgical procedure for ureteric stones AKI was seen in 49(32.2%). Patients with AKI were found to be more higher age, increasedweight, bilateral stones, lower ureteric stones and with co morbidities in comparison to those who were without acute kidney injury. Patients developing AKI, 89.7% recovered either partially(20.4 %) or completely (69.3%).Conclusion:AKI is seen more in ureteric stone patients with older age, increased weight, bilateral stones, lower ureteric stones and with co morbidities. Recovery is good when obstruction is relieved.
Highlights
Urolithiasisis a well known entity for centuries
Kidney failure does not commonly results from nephrolithiasis, it is responsible for a small number of causes of renal failure and the risk is more with stone in a solitary kidney and in patients with other risk factors including preexisting renal damage
Risk factors analysis is shown in Table-II, presence of co morbid conditions, lower ureteric stones and bilateral stones were seen more in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI)
Summary
Urolithiasisis a well known entity for centuries. Archeologist have found treatment of urinary stone mentioned in old Egyptians medical writings.[1,2,3] Over all probability of humans to develop a urinary stone is variable and is influenced by a number of factors including geographical area, race, socioeconomic status and dietary habits.[4]. It is reported that 12% of men and 6% of women will have ureteric colic once in their lifetime. Majority of such colic do not require intervention. Kidney failure does not commonly results from nephrolithiasis, it is responsible for a small number of causes of renal failure and the risk is more with stone in a solitary kidney and in patients with other risk factors including preexisting renal damage. In another study from Pakistan involving 2838 patients, 278(9.7%) developed acute renal failure and recovery after procedure was seen in 72% patients either complete or partial.[15] Number of studies have been done to see incidence of renal failure and to see recovery of renal functions after removal of stones. Our study is a simple observational study retrospectively done on all our patients who underwent stone removing procedures and we observed renal function in them prior to and after the procedure to determine frequency of acute renal injury in ureteric stone patients and to see out come in our patients
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