Acute Kidney Injury in HIV Infection.

Xuezhu Li Shougang

doi:10.4172/2329-891x.1000101

Abstract

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is increasingly recognized in clinical practice, and common in HIV-infection patients, affecting 18% of hospitalized patients. Preexisting hypertension, advanced HIV-infection, tenofovir toxicity, HCV co-infection, sepsis are risk factors of AKI. AKI can lead to prolonged hospitalization and is associated with increased mortality in HIV-infected patients. This review provides the most recent updates in the definition, diagnosis, pathophysiology, risk factors and treatment options for patients with HIV-associated AKI.

Highlights

Renal disease is becoming an increasingly complication in populations with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection [1]
HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) has been heavily studied in epidemiology, pathology and treatment, it is poorly addressed about HIV-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) in these clinical aspects
Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA) are common pathological changes associated with AKI in HIV-infected patients [8] (Figure 1)

Summary

Introduction

Renal disease is becoming an increasingly complication in populations with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection [1]. HIV infection cannot only be turned into a chronic disease, named by HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN), and increases the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI in HIV infected patients appears to be a risk factor for poor clinical outcomes, and associated with lengthened time of hospitalization and a high rate of mortality.

Results

Conclusion