Acute Interstitial Nephritis in Tuberculosis-Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome

Abstract

Acute kidney injury (AKI) in hospitalized individuals is associated with increased length of hospitalization and mortality.1,2 The high burden of HIV infection in South Africa (adult prevalence rate of 19.1%)3 may be complicated by AKI, where HIV-infected patients have an increased incidence of AKI compared with HIV-uninfected patients.2 HIV infection and AKI in South Africa are likely further complicated by the high burden of tuberculosis (TB) (615 per 100,000 population).4 In a South African cohort, 26% of HIV-infected patients presenting with AKI were coinfected with TB compared with 2% in the uninfected group.