Acute inhalation toxicity of aliphatic (C 1–C 5) nitrites in rats

Abstract

The 4-hr inhalation LC50 was determined for methyl-, ethyl-, n-propyl-, n-butyl-, isobutyl-, and isopentyl nitrite in Sprague-Dawley rats. LC50 values were 176, 160, 300, 420, 777, and 716 ppm, respectively. The dose-mortality curves were characterized by extremely steep slopes. Toxic signs observed during exposure included cyanosis, prostration, and rarely, convulsions. There were no effects of exposure on body weight gain during a 14-day postexposure observation period. Signs of pulmonary hemorrhage were apparent in rats which died during exposure but were much less prominent in rats sacrificed at study termination. No animals died after cessation of exposure, and rapid recovery was apparent after exposure. Concentration × Time (CT) relationships suggested that the actual concentration was more important than the “dose” in determining the lethal effects of inhalation exposure to nitrites. Because of the extremely steep dosemortality curves, the aliphatic nitrites are more hazardous than the LC50 values would indicate.