Abstract
BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of exhaustive exercise on proteins associated with muscle damage and regeneration, including IL-2, IL-4 and MyoD, in extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles and mesenteric (MEAT) and retroperitoneal adipose tissues (RPAT).MethodsRats were killed by decapitation immediately (E0 group, n = 6), 2 (E2 group, n = 6) or 6 (E6 group, n = 6) hours after the exhaustion protocol, which consisted of running on a treadmill at approximately 70% of VO2max for fifty minutes and then at an elevated rate that increased at one m/min every minute, until exhaustion.ResultsThe control group (C group, n = 6) was not subjected to exercise. IL-2 protein expression increased at E0 in the soleus and EDL; at E2, this cytokine returned to control levels in both tissues. In the soleus, IL-2 protein expression was lower than that in the control at E6. IL-4 protein levels increased in EDL at E6, but the opposite result was observed in the soleus. MyoD expression increased at E6 in EDL.ConclusionExhaustive exercise was unable to modify IL-2 and IL-4 levels in MEAT and RPAT. The results show that exhaustive exercise has different effects depending on which muscle is analysed.
Highlights
Exercise promotes physiological changes in response to disturbances in homeostasis [1]
We examined the effects of acute exhaustive exercise on the time course of IL-2 and IL-4 protein expression in rodent soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles as well as in retroperitoneal and mesenteric white adipose tissue depots
The IL-4 protein content was higher in the EDL at E6 compared with all other groups (Figure 2)
Summary
Exercise promotes physiological changes in response to disturbances in homeostasis [1]. These changes do not cease until a small overcompensation is attained, showing that exercise provides an excellent model for the study of physiological stress and the adaptive capacity of the body [2]. IL-2, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, has multiple functions in the inflammatory response, including activation of immune cell effectors and stimulation of the number of white blood cells on the endothelial surface of skeletal muscle [7]. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of exhaustive exercise on proteins associated with muscle damage and regeneration, including IL-2, IL-4 and MyoD, in extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles and mesenteric (MEAT) and retroperitoneal adipose tissues (RPAT)
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