Abstract
BackgroundThe content of triacylglycerol (TAG) in the liver is known to rapidly increase after a single bout of exercise followed by recovery to sedentary levels. The response of other hepatic lipids, and acyl chain composition of lipid classes, would provide a deeper understanding of the response of hepatic lipid metabolism to acute exercise.MethodsFemale mice performed a single bout of continuous exercise (CE), high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE), or no exercise (CON). The total content of various lipids in the liver, and fatty acids within lipid classes, were measured in tissues collected 3 h after exercise (Day 1) and the day following exercise (Day 2).ResultsThe total concentration of TAG rose on Day 1 after exercise (P < 0.05), with a greater elevation in HIIE than CE (P < 0.05), followed by a decline toward CON levels on Day 2. The total concentration of other measured lipid classes was not significantly altered by exercise. However, n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid relative abundance in diacylglycerol (DAG) was increased by HIIE (P < 0.05). In CON liver, TAG content was positively correlated with DAG and phosphatidylethanolamine (P < 0.05), while these statistical associations were disrupted in exercised mice on Day 1.ConclusionsThe response of lipid metabolism to exercise involves the coordination of metabolism between various tissues, and the lipid metabolism response to acute exercise places a metabolic burden upon the liver. The present findings describe how the liver copes with this metabolic challenge. The flexibility of the TAG pool size in the liver, and other remodeling of the hepatic lipidome, may be fundamental components of the physiological response to intense exercise.
Highlights
The content of triacylglycerol (TAG) in the liver is known to rapidly increase after a single bout of exercise followed by recovery to sedentary levels
No chronic exercise training was imposed; the mice were sedentary for their entire lives, with the exception of the single acute exercise bout described below for mice assigned to continuous exercise (CE) or high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) groups
For the lipidomics analysis that is presented in this report, a new piece of tissue was cut from each of these original liver samples, and underwent lipid extraction and analysis by chromatographic techniques that are distinct from the previous colorimetric approach
Summary
The content of triacylglycerol (TAG) in the liver is known to rapidly increase after a single bout of exercise followed by recovery to sedentary levels. TAG and other lipids can accumulate elsewhere as well at lower concentrations, and Henderson et al Lipids in Health and Disease (2020) 19:219 resistance [2, 7, 8] Structural membrane lipids, such as phospholipid, are less likely to be responsive to lifestyle factors that drive weight gain or weight loss. The responses of tissue TAG concentrations to lifestyle factors that alter lipid metabolism have been studied in depth in both laboratory rodents and human subjects, such as the net utilization of intramuscular TAG with acute exercise [9,10,11,12,13] and the transient accumulation of hepatic TAG in response to an acute exercise bout [11, 13,14,15,16,17]. In order to develop a better understanding of this phenomenon, a greater level of knowledge is needed regarding the complexity of the lipid profile in the liver and its acute response to exercise bouts
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