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Abstract
BackgroundRegarding an important effects of physical exercise on brain function in elders, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of strength and endurance exercise on brain neurobiological factors in older men.MethodsThirty older men volunteered to participate in this study and were randomly assigned to strength, endurance and control groups. The subjects in strength group performed two circuits of resistance exercise (6 exercises with 10 repetition of 65–70% of one repetition maximum), while endurance group performed 30 min running with 65–70% of maximal heart rate. Blood was obtained pre and post-exercise to determine changes in serum BDNF, IGF-1 and platelets.ResultsAfter exercise, both the strength and endurance groups showed significant increases in serum BDNF and IGF-1 concentrations and platelets at post-exercise and in comparison to control group (p < 0.05). In addition, no statistically significant differences were detected between the strength and endurance groups at post-exercise.ConclusionOur findings indicate that both the strength and endurance interventions are effective in elevating BDNF, IGF-1, and platelets, without significant differences between them.
Highlights
Regarding an important effects of physical exercise on brain function in elders, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of strength and endurance exercise on brain neurobiological factors in older men
Enhanced Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is thought to mediate the induction of hippocampal Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and together they are considered as the key factors in the effects of exercise on learning and memory [11]
No significant differences were observed between the endurance and strength groups in the BDNF levels (p ≥ 0.05) (Table 1 and Fig. 1a)
Summary
Regarding an important effects of physical exercise on brain function in elders, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of strength and endurance exercise on brain neurobiological factors in older men. Biological aging is associated with decreases in fat-free mass (i.e., sarcopenia), muscle strength [1], brain volume size, and decline in cognitive tasks such as memory [2]. The age-related decreases in muscle mass and strength are by a decline in blood concentrations of circulating anabolic hormones and neurotrophic factors such as BDNF and IGF-1 [3, 4]. Knaepen et al [15] showed that acute endurance but not resistance exercise is effective to increase peripheral BDNF concentrations in healthy individual. Elevation of BDNF concentrations after endurance exercise has been reported in older women [16], elderly persons with depression, but not on healthy older adults [17]
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