Acute Effects of Single Doses of Bonito Fish Peptides and Vitamin D on Whole Blood Gene Expression Levels: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Frédéric Guénard,Marie-Claude Vohl,Claudia Gagnon,Hélène Jacques,André Marette

doi:10.3390/ijms20081944

Abstract

Fish contains high quality proteins and essential nutrients including 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). Fish peptide consumption can lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, and studies have shown an association between 25(OH)D deficiency, CVD and CVD risk factors, such as diabetes. This study investigated acute effects of a single dose of cholecalciferol (VitD3), bonito fish peptide hydrolysate (BPH), or a combination of both on CVD risk factors and whole blood gene expression levels. A randomized, crossover, placebo controlled trial was conducted in 22 adults. They ingested, in random order and at 7-day intervals, 1000 IU of VitD3, 3 g of BPH, a combination of both, or a placebo. A 180 min oral glucose tolerance test was performed. Differences in whole-genome expression levels after versus before each supplementation were computed for 18 subjects. We observed that 16, 1 and 5 transcripts were differentially expressed post- vs. pre-ingestion for VitD3, BPH or VitD3 + BPH treatments, respectively. VitD3-containing treatments affected the expression of the solute carrier family 25 member 20 (SLC25A20) gene involved in fatty acid oxidation, various transcription factors and genes related to glucose metabolism. These results suggest that VitD3 rapidly modulates genes related to CVD risk factors in blood while BPH seems to moderately modulate gene expression levels.

Highlights

Dietary habits influence diverse cardiometabolic risk factors, including cholesterol levels, blood pressure, glucose, and insulin homeostasis [1]
Clinical studies demonstrated a significant reduction in serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (C) following consumption of a cod-fish protein supplement in overweight adults with no effect on triglyceride (TG) or high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL)-C levels [16]
Following adjustment for age and sex, no significant associations were observed between baseline serum VitD3 levels and metabolic profile (Total-C, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG levels, Total-C/HDL-C ratio, blood pressure, fasting glucose and insulin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels; p > 0.05 for all)

Summary

Introduction

Dietary habits influence diverse cardiometabolic risk factors, including cholesterol levels, blood pressure, glucose, and insulin homeostasis [1]. An inverse association between fish consumption and mortality risk was reported in Asian populations [10,11] while such an association was not confirmed in Western populations [12,13], suggesting that preparation method and/or fish type may have an impact on the health outcomes of fish consumption according to geographical regions [6] Concordant with the latter suggestions, studies on lean fish or fish protein hydrolysates demonstrated specific effects for different fish species. A study conducted in rats comparing various protein sources (casein and fish proteins from bonito, herring, mackerel, or salmon) in high-fat, high-sucrose diet reported a decreased expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in fish-protein-fed groups [21], while lower weight gain, lower visceral adiposity, and improved insulin sensitivity were observed only in the salmon-protein fed group

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