Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the neurotrophic factor response following one session of high-intensity exercise, resistance training or both in a cohort of physically inactive overweight adults aged 18–30 years old. A randomized, parallel-group clinical trial of 51 men (23.6 ± 3.5 years; 83.5 ± 7.8 kg; 28.0 ± 1.9 kg/m2) who are physically inactive (i.e., < 150 min of moderate-intensity exercise per week or IPAQ score of <600 MET min/week for >6 months) and are either abdominally obese (waist circumference ≥90 cm) or have a body mass index, BMI ≥25 and ≤ 30 kg/m2 were randomized to the following four exercise protocols: high-intensity exercise (4 × 4 min intervals at 85–95% maximum heart rate [HRmax] interspersed with 4 min of recovery at 75–85% HRmax) (n = 14), resistance training (12–15 repetitions per set, at 50–70% of one repetition maximum with 60 s of recovery) (n = 12), combined high-intensity and resistance exercise (n = 13), or non-exercising control (n = 12). The plasma levels of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), neurotrophin-4 (also known as neurotrophin 4/5; NT-4 or NT-4/5), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were determined before (pre-exercise) and 1-min post-exercise for each protocol session. Resistance training induced significant increases in NT-3 (+39.6 ng/mL [95% CI, 2.5–76.6; p = 0.004], and NT-4/5 (+1.3 ng/mL [95% CI, 0.3–2.3; p = 0.014]), respectively. Additionally, combined training results in favorable effects on BDNF (+22.0, 95% CI, 2.6–41.5; p = 0.029) and NT-3 (+32.9 ng/mL [95% CI, 12.3–53.4; p = 0.004]), respectively. The regression analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between changes in BDNF levels and changes in NT-4/5 levels from baseline to immediate post-exercise in the combined training group (R2 = 0.345, p = 0.034) but not the other intervention groups. The findings indicate that acute resistance training and combined exercise increase neurotrophic factors in physically inactive overweight adults. Further studies are required to determine the biological importance of changes in neurotrophic responses in overweight men and chronic effects of these exercise protocols.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02915913 (Date: September 22, 2016).
Highlights
The neurotrophin family of growth factors, comprised of nerve growth factors, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5), all of which were originally defined by their ability to support the survival, development, and function of neurons (Dechant and Neumann, 2003)
The latest International Diabetes Federation/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association (IDF/NHLBI/AHA2009) consensus stated that Waist circumference (WC) was measured according to Country/Specific values which, for Latin Americans, were set to be equal to South Asian parameters, WC ≥90 cm for males (Alberti et al, 2009)
resistance training (RT) induced significant increases in NT-3 (+39.6 ng/mL [95% CI, 2.5– 76.6; p = 0.004], and NT-4/5 (+1.3 ng/mL [95% CI, 0.3– 2.3; p = 0.014]), respectively
Summary
The neurotrophin family of growth factors, comprised of nerve growth factors, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5), all of which were originally defined by their ability to support the survival, development, and function of neurons (Dechant and Neumann, 2003). A metabotrophic role of nerve growth factor and BDNF has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic related disorders, sensation, and energy homeostasis (Hristova, 2013). The infusion of NT-4/5 into the third ventricle of the brain reversed the obese phenotype, which suggests that NT-4/5 is involved in the activation of signaling cascades in the hypothalamic nuclei; these cascades are responsible for the control of food intake and energy expenditure. During highintensity exercise (>80% of maximal oxygen intake), significant increases in neurotrophic factor have been observed (Marston et al, 2017). In this line, Saucedo-Marquez et al (2015) showed
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