Acute effects of exercise among individuals with schizophrenia who smoke cigarettes

Abstract

People with schizophrenia (SCZ) have a shorter life expectancy than those without psychiatric conditions. Of note, people with SCZ have high rates of cigarette smoking, physical inactivity, and obesity. These factors all coalesce to contribute to compromised health in this population, with smoking as a primary contributor. Therefore, it is paramount to develop effective smoking cessation strategies for this population. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether walking at a brisk pace, relative to engaging in passive activity, would reduce acute cigarette craving, nicotine withdrawal, and negative affect (NA) among people with SCZ who smoke cigarettes. Using a within-subjects design, twenty participants completed four laboratory sessions with condition sequence counterbalanced: 1) exposure to smoking cues + treadmill walking, 2) exposure to neutral cues + treadmill walking, 3) exposure to smoking cues + passive/sedentary activity, 4) exposure to neutral cues + passive/sedentary activity. Relative to sedentary activity, walking resulted in greater decreases in nicotine withdrawal but did not significantly affect craving or NA. These results did not vary as a function of cue type. These findings suggest that walking may be a helpful strategy to reduce acute nicotine withdrawal symptoms among people with SCZ. However, it should be used in conjunction with other strategies for smoking cessation.