Abstract
<p>A large body of research suggests that diet can exert significant effects on behaviour, mood, and cognition. Of particular concern in recent years has been the rapid rise in popularity of highly caffeinated energy drinks, with some suggesting that they may negatively impact the performance, behaviour and health of schoolchildren. The current study aimed to assess whether these products exert acute effects on the likelihood of children receiving detentions. In addition, another known risk factor, the omission of breakfast, was also recorded. Participants in the current study came from a cohort of 3071 pupils attending three secondary schools in the South West of England. Those who were given a detention during a weeklong period of December 2013 (<em>N</em> = 40) were asked to state whether or not they had consumed an energy drink and eaten breakfast that day. The results were then compared to a control day later in the same week on which detentions had not been received. The children given detention were found to be more likely to habitually consume energy drinks and skip breakfast than other children in the cohort from which they came. The major difference between detention and control days was that on detention days there was an increase in both missing breakfast and consuming energy drinks. Though conclusions must be tentative due to the preliminary nature of the study, the results indicate that breakfast intervention programmes and restricting energy drink consumption may be effective methods for reducing problem behaviour in secondary schools.</p>
Highlights
The increasing popularity of highly caffeinated energy drinks in recent years has become a public health issue (Reissig, Strain, & Griffiths, 2009)
The major difference between detention and control days was that on detention days there was an increase in both missing breakfast and consuming energy drinks
In order to address concerns that energy drink use may exert acute effects on problem behaviour, the current study investigated whether secondary school children in detention are more likely to have consumed an energy drink that day compared to a control day later in the same week
Summary
The increasing popularity of highly caffeinated energy drinks in recent years has become a public health issue (Reissig, Strain, & Griffiths, 2009). Due to claims of boosting performance and endurance (Meadows-Oliver & Ryan-Krause, 2007) through positively affecting bodily functions, energy drinks are often marketed as ‘functional foods’ or dietary supplements (Finnegan, 2003), bypassing legislation regarding caffeine content (McCusker, Goldberger, & Cone, 2006; Pomeranz, 2012). This could lead to problems, as large doses of caffeine (reportedly sometimes as high as 505mg per serving; Reissig et al, 2009) can put consumers at risk of intoxication (Seifert, Schaechter, Hershorin, & Lipschultz, 2011). Regardless of what the causes of such positive effects may be, energy drink consumption has been associated with serious health complaints, such as arrhythmias, tachycardia, strokes, psychotic symptoms/mania, seizures, and even death (Seifert et al, 2011)
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