Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the potential association between air pollutants and respiratory diseases (RDs). Generalized additive models were used to analyze the effect of air pollutants on mortalities or outpatient visits. The average concentrations of air pollutants in Hangzhou (HZ) were 1.6–2.8 times higher than those in Zhoushan (ZS), except for O3. In a single pollutant model, the increased concentrations of PM2.5, NO2, and SO2 were strongly associated with deaths caused by RD in HZ, while PM2.5 and O3 were associated with deaths caused by RD in ZS. All air pollutants (PM2.5, NO2, SO2, and O3) were strongly associated with outpatient visits for RD in both HZ and ZS. In multiple pollutant models, a significant association was only observed between PM2.5 and the mortality rate of RD patients in both HZ and in ZS. Moreover, strong associations between SO2, NO2, and outpatient visits for RD were observed in HZ and ZS. This study has provided evidence that both the mortality rates and outpatient visits for RD were significantly associated with air pollutants. Furthermore, the results showed that different air pollutant levels lead to regional differences between mortality rates and outpatient visits.
Highlights
China is currently experiencing severe air pollution caused by increasing coal consumption, motor vehicle usage, and industrial dust, which are linked to rapid economic development[1]
The objective of this study was to assess the effects of air pollutants such as PM2.5, SO2, NO2, and O3 on the mortality rates of respiratory disease (RD), including one subcategory of respiratory diseases (RDs), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and on hospital outpatients with RD in two cities with high and low levels of air pollution
The results of the multiple-pollutant model in this study showed that RD increased 1.29% per 10 μg/m3 increase in Pollutant PM2.5 SO2 NO2 O3
Summary
China is currently experiencing severe air pollution caused by increasing coal consumption, motor vehicle usage, and industrial dust, which are linked to rapid economic development[1]. An increasing number of studies have been conducted to investigate the associations between air pollution and certain diseases. Associations between air pollution and respiratory diseases have been observed in studies from many countries, including China[2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. Despite the increasing number of air quality studies conducted in China, air pollution epidemiology studies on the effects of PM2.5 and O3 in Chinese populations are still limited[10]. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of air pollutants such as PM2.5, SO2, NO2, and O3 on the mortality rates of respiratory disease (RD), including one subcategory of RD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and on hospital outpatients with RD in two cities with high and low levels of air pollution
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